Gelation did not detectably affect the conductivity of the device. The transistors with (a) aqueous and (b) quasi-solid-state electrolytes were compared. It also means that the actual ‘switch’ on the device is around a fifth the size of the smallest possible gate length for devices based on silicon, opening up new possibilities for device miniaturization. This is due in part to its reliance on metal components instead of semiconductor switching behavior, meaning that it requires only a very low voltage to work (around 10 mV). The device created by a team at KIT, Germany, functions via the resistance switching action of just a single atom, which should reduce the energy cost of that operation by around ten thousand times compared to conventional silicon-based electronics. Billions of transistors work together to perform logic operations which form the basis of digital computational processing – letting you do everything from plotting and saving your lab results to sending your grandmother a picture of your first Advanced Materials cover. The transistor is a key component of digital systems, normally consisting of a semiconducting material which responds to electrical signals by switching its behavior between conducting and insulating, and thereby either opening or closing a circuit in a fashion analogous to the mechanical operation of an on/off switch in traditional electric circuitry. The miniaturization of electronic systems has now reached a new low dimensionally speaking – with the creation of a quasi-solid-state transistor on the quantum scale. Portable and implantable electronics with rising processing requirements necessitate ever-smaller components.
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